This study evaluated the potential protective effect of banana peel extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in adult male albino rats. Twenty rats of comparable body weight were randomly divided into five groups, with four animals in each group, following a one-week acclimatization period. Group G1 served as the healthy control, whereas G2 received CCl4 by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.002 mL/g. Groups G3, G4, and G5 received banana peel extract at doses of 0.003, 0.004, and 0.006 mg/kg, respectively, according to the experimental treatment protocol. Biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in liver tissue were subsequently evaluated. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were markedly elevated in G2 (188.90 ± 40.75 and 141.10 ± 38.79 IU/L, respectively) compared with G1 (39.00 ± 1.47 and 51.00 ± 13.49 IU/L, respectively). Lower AST and ALT values were observed in the banana peel extract-treated groups, with values approaching those of the control group at the higher treatment levels. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was also elevated in G2 (73.75 ± 8.29 IU/L) compared with G1 (52.60 ± 5.21 IU/L), whereas G3, G4, and G5 showed values of 63.45 ± 5.34, 48.00 ± 6.46, and 52.12 ± 4.22 IU/L, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed a variable response among groups, with the highest value observed in G5 (325.75 ± 30.06 IU/L) and the lowest in G3 (199.00 ± 11.88 IU/L), with statistically significant differences among groups (P ≤ 0.05). Histological examination showed a normal hepatic architecture in G1, whereas G2 exhibited vascular congestion, dilation and distortion of the central vein, red blood cell accumulation, and inflammatory changes. The extract-treated groups showed varying degrees of histological improvement, including partial restoration of hepatocyte organization and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Overall, the findings suggest that banana peel extract may exert a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatic injury, although the response varied across the measured biochemical and histological parameters.
This study evaluated the potential protective effect of banana peel extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in adult male albino rats. Twenty rats of comparable body weight were randomly divided into five groups, with four animals in each group, following a one-week acclimatization period. Group G1 served as the healthy control, whereas G2 received CCl4 by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.002 mL/g. Groups G3, G4, and G5 received banana peel extract at doses of 0.003, 0.004, and 0.006 mg/kg, respectively, according to the experimental treatment protocol. Biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in liver tissue were subsequently evaluated. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were markedly elevated in G2 (188.90 ± 40.75 and 141.10 ± 38.79 IU/L, respectively) compared with G1 (39.00 ± 1.47 and 51.00 ± 13.49 IU/L, respectively). Lower AST and ALT values were observed in the banana peel extract-treated groups, with values approaching those of the control group at the higher treatment levels. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was also elevated in G2 (73.75 ± 8.29 IU/L) compared with G1 (52.60 ± 5.21 IU/L), whereas G3, G4, and G5 showed values of 63.45 ± 5.34, 48.00 ± 6.46, and 52.12 ± 4.22 IU/L, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed a variable response among groups, with the highest value observed in G5 (325.75 ± 30.06 IU/L) and the lowest in G3 (199.00 ± 11.88 IU/L), with statistically significant differences among groups (P ≤ 0.05). Histological examination showed a normal hepatic architecture in G1, whereas G2 exhibited vascular congestion, dilation and distortion of the central vein, red blood cell accumulation, and inflammatory changes. The extract-treated groups showed varying degrees of histological improvement, including partial restoration of hepatocyte organization and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Overall, the findings suggest that banana peel extract may exert a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatic injury, although the response varied across the measured biochemical and histological parameters.
