Kernel-Weighted Vertex Certificates for Modified \((h,m)\)–Convex Functions with Multivariate and Matrix-Valued Applications

Muhammad Ajmal1, Muhammad Rafaqat1
1Department of Mathematics, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Published: 17/05/2026
: Muhammad Ajmal, Muhammad Rafaqat. Kernel-Weighted Vertex Certificates for Modified \((h,m)\)–Convex Functions with Multivariate and Matrix-Valued Applications. Cultura Científica, 2026 Issue 24. pg. 405-431.

Abstract

This paper develops a kernel-weighted framework of explicit vertex certificates for functions satisfying modified \((h,m)\)–convexity of the second type. Motivated by Hermite–Hadamard and Hermite–Hadamard–Fejer type integral bounds, the theory yields computable one-dimensional estimates with kernel expectations, dimension-explicit vertex certificates on rectangular domains through tensorized operators, and radial bounds on origin-anchored simplices via cone decompositions. Matrix counterparts are also obtained, including rigorous trace inequalities in the commuting regime and a conditional extension to noncommuting matrices under an operator-compatibility hypothesis. A central feature of the framework is that the associated kernel coefficients are explicit, one-dimensional, and reusable, so the resulting certificates can be verified directly in practice. Numerical investigations and illustrative computational examples show how the generalized parameters influence the admissible function class, the averaging geometry, and the conservatism of the resulting bounds. These examples also highlight the relevance of the framework to multivariate and matrix-valued applications that require conservative and numerically checkable certificates for integral averages.

Keywords: modified (h,m)–convexity, vertex certificates, computable certificates, kernel-weighted integral operators, multivariate integral bounds, commuting trace inequalities, matrix-valued applications

Resumen

This paper develops a kernel-weighted framework of explicit vertex certificates for functions satisfying modified \((h,m)\)–convexity of the second type. Motivated by Hermite–Hadamard and Hermite–Hadamard–Fejer type integral bounds, the theory yields computable one-dimensional estimates with kernel expectations, dimension-explicit vertex certificates on rectangular domains through tensorized operators, and radial bounds on origin-anchored simplices via cone decompositions. Matrix counterparts are also obtained, including rigorous trace inequalities in the commuting regime and a conditional extension to noncommuting matrices under an operator-compatibility hypothesis. A central feature of the framework is that the associated kernel coefficients are explicit, one-dimensional, and reusable, so the resulting certificates can be verified directly in practice. Numerical investigations and illustrative computational examples show how the generalized parameters influence the admissible function class, the averaging geometry, and the conservatism of the resulting bounds. These examples also highlight the relevance of the framework to multivariate and matrix-valued applications that require conservative and numerically checkable certificates for integral averages.

Palabras clave: modified (h,m)–convexity, vertex certificates, computable certificates, kernel-weighted integral operators, multivariate integral bounds, commuting trace inequalities, matrix-valued applications
Muhammad Ajmal
Department of Mathematics, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Muhammad Rafaqat
Department of Mathematics, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

How to cite:

Muhammad Ajmal, Muhammad Rafaqat. Kernel-Weighted Vertex Certificates for Modified \((h,m)\)–Convex Functions with Multivariate and Matrix-Valued Applications. Cultura Científica, 2026 Issue 24. pg. 405-431.

Publication History

Copyright © 2026, Muhammad Ajmal, Muhammad Rafaqat. Published by Cultura Científica. This article is published as open access under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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