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Nephroprotective Effects of Carvedilol and Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin in Glycerol-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Female Rats

Shahad Ali Naeem1, Asia Selman Abdullah1
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70517/revcc272512
Published: 10/09/2026
: Shahad Ali Naeem, Asia Selman Abdullah. Nephroprotective Effects of Carvedilol and Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin in Glycerol-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Female Rats. Revista Cultura Científica, 2027 Issue 25. pg. 139-151.

Abstract

Oxidative stress and tubular damage are two major consequences of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (RIAKI). This study evaluated the nephroprotective effects of carvedilol and sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), administered separately and in combination, in rats with glycerol-induced RIAKI. Thirty-five female rats were randomly assigned to treatment groups receiving carvedilol (2.5 mg/kg), SCC (50 mg/kg), or a combination of both, as well as control and glycerol-induced groups. Electrolyte levels, oxidative stress markers, and renal function were assessed. Glycerol injection significantly impaired renal function (p < 0.05). Renal impairment was considerably reduced by treatment with carvedilol or SCC, while the combination of both drugs produced a particularly strong protective effect by normalising biochemical variables and reducing oxidative stress more effectively than either monotherapy. Through antioxidant mechanisms, carvedilol and SCC exert additive nephroprotective effects against RIAKI. However, careful interpretation is required because of variations in treatment duration and other study limitations.

Keywords: acute kidney injury; sodium copper chlorophyllin; carvedilol

Abstract

Oxidative stress and tubular damage are two major consequences of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (RIAKI). This study evaluated the nephroprotective effects of carvedilol and sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), administered separately and in combination, in rats with glycerol-induced RIAKI. Thirty-five female rats were randomly assigned to treatment groups receiving carvedilol (2.5 mg/kg), SCC (50 mg/kg), or a combination of both, as well as control and glycerol-induced groups. Electrolyte levels, oxidative stress markers, and renal function were assessed. Glycerol injection significantly impaired renal function (p < 0.05). Renal impairment was considerably reduced by treatment with carvedilol or SCC, while the combination of both drugs produced a particularly strong protective effect by normalising biochemical variables and reducing oxidative stress more effectively than either monotherapy. Through antioxidant mechanisms, carvedilol and SCC exert additive nephroprotective effects against RIAKI. However, careful interpretation is required because of variations in treatment duration and other study limitations.

Keywords: acute kidney injury; sodium copper chlorophyllin; carvedilol

References

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Shahad Ali Naeem
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
Asia Selman Abdullah
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com

How to cite:

Shahad Ali Naeem, Asia Selman Abdullah. Nephroprotective Effects of Carvedilol and Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin in Glycerol-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Female Rats. Revista Cultura Científica, 2027 Issue 25. pg. 139-151.

Publication History

  • Received: 09/07/2026
  • Accepted: 08/09/2026
  • Published: 10/09/2026
Copyright © 2026, Shahad Ali Naeem, Asia Selman Abdullah. Published by Revista Cultura Científica. This article is published as open access under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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